Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of France was also called by the name of the peace of France. This Treaty was one of the many signed in the European imperial nation. It was named the Great peace of Paris because it was signed in the capital of France itself, Paris. This treaty conventionally ended the seven years war, which was otherwise known as the French-Indian war in North America, although it was mainly between the French and British. The role of this treaty was to calm the intense relationship between the French and British, as they had been very tense rivals since the first claim of land. This had a major impact on the lifestyle of both the British and the French, as the two nations had the time to heal their economy and their people. Many people were lost in the vast amount of wars that occurred between the French and the British, and this saddened and angered people from both sides of the war. This loss of people made the economy of the country go down, as their were not many people working, and this mad the government worry about their country and their people. That is the reason why both nations government decided to sign a treaty and stop the wars. The battles between the two nations took place in many different areas, with some being Quebec and France. Under the treaty circumstances, France had its claim to the land taken away, and in return they received a major sugar producing island located in the Caribbean. The Name of this island was Guadeloupe.
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is when the colony of a mother country have lots of material in there land; the colony will sell the material to the mother country for cheap. Then the mother country will turn the material into goods and sell it back to the colony for lots of money. When this happens the mother country benefits from this, and the colony is losing money for this to happen.
Mercantilism Before Treaty of Paris
Mercantilism played a major role in keeping both England and Frances economy balanced and safe. Without mercantilism, both nations colony's would not have survived and would have possibly collapsed on themselves. The role of mercantilism changed significantly over the course of history, as it slowly declined through the late 1700's. Many European imperial nations used mercantilism, as it allowed them to gain
a vast amount of wealth, which would make the nation reign over the others. Power was also a very important factor in competing with other nations, as the more power a nation had, the more land it could take over. There were many ways to gain power and wealth, but mercantilism was one of the most popular method, as it allowed a country to take over another nation and build colonies, the colonies would then sell resources back to the mother country for a very cheap amount, and this would make the mother country very rich and powerful. Both France and England used this strategy, as it allowed them to gain control over other nations with ease.
Mercantilism After Treaty
It took France out of the colonial picture putting and end to their, mercantilism, in their former colonies and outposts that they now lost because. So all the trade goods and materials they received at a result of there colonies and outposts were taken away after the Treaty of 1763, signed after the French Indian War, stripping them of their territories therefore decreasing their, "mercantilism". Less new goods, created less new services, and less new products. Using all the land the British had just conquered, they were thriving at the top of the power pyramid.
Economy
An economy by the Europeans introducing a trading industry with the natives in Canada. This created thousands of jobs for Europeans and introduced guns, clothes, metal, and furniture to the natives. While both sides immediately got a huge benefit in the beginning of the fur trade. But the fashion craze for furs changed in Europe around the 1800s, causing many native communities that trade furs were soon plunged into debt and poverty. But, fish, iron ore, timber, tobacco, grains, and corn were still pretty popular in trade.
England and France have had competitions before but none like this, both sides constantly produced more and more inventions for trapping, nets, spears, guns, bait, etc. At one point trappers would even use sap to glue the animal down. The economy might have been very strong, but the population of cod and beaver soon shriveled in numbers, the result of over fishing and hunting.
The fur trade was one of the biggest contributors to the founding of North America. It played one of the biggest roles in strengthening the economy for almost 300 years, the Fur Trade is the reason for Canada being one of the greatest country in the world, both in civil rights and the economy. Settlements were soon made all over North America and the Fur Trade helped the immigrants have a better chance to get a job and make it easier to support their family, better than back in Europe, where the economy was a bit worse.
Foundation of Economy
The foundation of the Fur Trade economy started with the coureurs de bois. These men spend their money in the shops. These shop owners used the money they made to buy food from the farmers. The money that the farmers got was put towards buying services from the barrel maker or other services. In this way or another, the buying, selling, trading spread all over the french colony. The Fur Trade was the main foundation of economy in these days.
The King and the Economy
The King had a very important role in the economy of New France. He collected the profits that went to the colony so it could expand and benefit.
He appointed the certain people that carried all this demands to the colony.
Economy Development
The economic development grew because of the coureurs de bois. They could travel in peace because of the Peace they had committed to. They collected furs from the Montagnais and the Odwa, they traded with other First Nations. The beaver population began to decrease which resulted in the French expanding further out in search of more beavers. Other than the fur trade, the French adapted to more industries like fishing and the French navy.
First Nations Interactions
First Nations played an enormous part in the fur trade, generating 50% of the revenue created and exchanged. Fur Trade was a popular method of bartering, and it was an effective and efficient way of receiving the goods each side wanted. Animal pelts were traded for steel pots, pans, axes and knives, and each side were satisfied because they gained what each nation had be lacking. First Nations required steel products because the steel was more durable that that of the wood and stone utensils they had created and used. Europeans wanted animal pelts because fur coats, hats and fur liners were very fashionable and sold for large amounts of money. Merchants wanted to generate revenue and supplied furs to the rich and vogue.
There were many advantages of the Fur Trade. The First Nations obtained new resources that helped the Aboriginals to continue their society in different and constructive ways. Furs were very abundant and were easy to trade, making the acquisition of the steel tools simple and made everyday functions uncomplicated.
With every upside, there must be a down. While the First Nations were acquiring new and effective tools, their homeland was becoming crowded and demanding. The ways of life were changing and the First Nations had to adapt. The Europeans were demanding furs for the fashionable consumers and the First Nations had to make it a priority to create furs and had to sacrifice their other traditions and rituals. When furs failed to continue to be the latest trend, the merchants would cease to care about furs, and the First Nations would have to try to continue their new way of life independently.
The British Interactions
French
The British and French were very hostile. The Seven Years war was the conflict that brought North America under Britain's control. There were many other conflicts between the two countries. The French won most of the small battles, but the British won most of the larger battles. Also, each side fought through their respective allies, the British through the Iroquois, the French through Huron
First Nations
Britain was fairly kind to a small amount of First Nations, like the Iroquois. To every other First Nation tribes, Britain was very harsh. Needing new furs, the Iroquois would supply them, but it was difficult to get furs from the Iroquois territories. To overcome this difficulty, Britain's glorious allies, the Iroquois, raided Huron fur convoys. The Huron were allied with the French.
The French Interactions
During the 16th and early 17th centuries New France’s economy was heavily centered on its Atlantic fisheries. French economic interests would shift and concentrate itself on the development of the North American Fur Trade. It would soon become the new staple good that would strengthen and drive New France’s economy. As they expanded their empire, the French built fur-trading forts at strategic locations where Natives could bring their furs to trade. Native villagers would grow up around the forts, as tribal groups came to trade furs, and seek jobs. In later years, many cities and towns -Montreal, Kingston, Toronto, Detroit, Michilmakinac- would grow up to where the forts had been. The French fur trade Empire eventually consisted of a line of forts through much of the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River. The French King controlled the French fur trade and used the profits to benefit the colony. He paid people like the coureurs de bois, who bought supplies and weapons from shops. The shop owners used the money to buy food from farmers. The farmers then bought supplies and livestock that they would need for the farm. As you can see trading and buying spread widely around New France, and the fur trade controlled it all.
Metis
Metis people were also called half-breeds and county born people. The Metis people had an advantage in the fur trade because they knew how to locate the First Nations and the Europeans. If a Metis person was on a ship that was going to trade with the First Nations, when they arrived in Canada, the Metis would be better at navigating and living in the conditions. The North West Company was encouraging Metis people to join them, and the Hudson Bay company soon did the same. Metis people that worked for the North West Company and the Hudson Bay Company had to work very hard, long days. These companies wanted Metis people as employees because the Metis were more skilled at trading and surviving in Canada than most of their existing crew. Metis people were easy to recognize because when they were trading they all wore a blue coat and a red sash.
Policies
Jean-Baptiste Colbert introduced the mercantile system. Although he introduced the trading system, he wanted to keep the trading posts in New France, but wouldn't extend the posts farther into Canada. Because he would only set up trading posts in New France, the French had to rely on the Wendat's trading network.
Jean Talon wanted to change the industry from furs to agriculture, but he knew that he couldn't do that without a larger population. So he brought in new colonists, including the Filles du Roi, also known as the King's Daughters, to New France. To encourage people to help his cause, he started giving marriage grants and baby bonuses, which was money given to couples when they got married and when they had a child.
Louis de Buade de Frontenac expanded the trading posts into the interior of Canada, stretching beyond the boundaries of New France. This brought the trading levels higher, and helped the French with their relationships with the other First Nations tribes. The original reason for bringing the trading posts beyond the edges of New France was that the Wendat, their reliant trading source, were ill and dying from small pox.
Why Policies?
Jean-Baptiste Colbert introduced the mercantile system because furs were very valuable in France. If he could trade furs with the First Nations in exchange of weapons and fabric, he could potentially raise the interest in New France and gain more support from the king.
Jean Talon brought in new colonists because he wanted to bring in the agriculture industry. He knew that he couldn't do this without gaining a larger population, so he brought in the Filles du Roi, young women ages sixteen to 25.
Louis de Buade de Frontenac expanded the trading posts into the interior because the Wendat, their reliant trading source, were ill and dying from small pox. Because of this, he had to stretch beyond the boundaries of New France to find other Nations to trade with.
Affect on Economic Development?
Colbert's changes to the policies affect the economic development of New France by raising the interest in colonizing in New France and gaining furs and other materials.
Talon's changes to the policies affect the economic development of New France by bringing in the agriculture industry. He also helped the development of New France by bringing in the Filles du Roi to help increase the population.
Frontenac's changes to the policies affect the economic development of New France by gaining allies and gaining relations with other First Nations. He also got more trading supplies because of them being able to trade with more nations.
Goals and Differences
The British didn't care about creating colonies, all they wanted was to make money. They were focused on creating the fastest routes for trading, and investing their money. Unlike the British, France focused on establishing colonies. Britain and France had very different goals they wanted to achieve from the fur trade. France wasn't interested in spending a lot of money on it's North American colonies, instead their main priority was to collect furs and many other natural resources. France only recommended Catholics to travel and live in New France. This is because most of the people in France were also catholic. Catholic priests, nuns, and missionaries traveled to New France to take care of the children of colonists, teach in schools, running hospitals. They also held religious services and cared for the poor. The most important goal of the Church was to get other to believe in their faith, their version of the story. They thought that if they only allowed Catholics into New France, everyone would be committed and could spread their faith to make their community larger. Britain on the other hand, invested a lot of money to support its overseas colonies. The British also wanted to establish an empire, but for different reasons. They believed that having more land meant more power, and that is the only reason why they expanded to North America. To be on the top of the European power pyramid.
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